How to write college application
What Is A Good Topic To Write About For An Essay 5Th Grade
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example It is normal that expansion in representative advantages will be decidedly related with inherent, outward and by and large employment fulfillment. What are the least squares relapse line conditions for every one of the 3 distinct relapses? The relapse line is the essential basic straight relapse model: direct in the boundary ?0 (or Y-catch) and ?1 (Slope); and in the free factor (Kutner, Nachtsheim and Neter, 2004). Numerically, straightforward direct relapse is spoken to as: Y = ?0 + ?1(X) This paper drew information from the AIU informational collection. Relapse investigation was done by exceed expectations. Three relapse lines were gotten by utilizing advantage as a free factor and characteristic, extraneous and generally work fulfillment as needy factors. Following outcomes were acquired. Relapse Line 1: Intrinsic Job Satisfaction = 4.61781924 + 0.034(Benefits) Regression Line 2: Extrinsic Job Satisfaction = 5.411102 - 0.058 (Benefits) Regression Line 3: Overall Job Satisfaction = 4.934424 + 0.006301(Benefits) What are the inclines and the y-catches? ââ¬Ë Regression Line 1: à Coefficients Intercept 4.61781924 Slope 0.033893373 Regression Line 2: à Coefficients Intercept 5.411102 Slope - 0.058 Regression Line 3: à Coefficients Intercept 4.934424 Slope 0.006301 What are the R-squared qualities for the 3 unique relapses? Relapse Line 1: Regression Statistics R Square 0.001964739 Regression Line 2: Regression Statistics R Square 0.011193 Regression Line 3: Regression Statistics R Square 0.000174 Similarities, contrasts and quality of connection The outcomes acquired by the relapse investigations uncovered both positive and negative incline esteems demonstrating positive and negative connections between the ward and the autonomous factors. The first and third relapse lines have a positive incline which shows that representative advantages are decidedly related with inherent and in general occupation fulfillment. In any case, little estimations of R-squa re show a powerless connection between these factors. The subsequent relapse model shows negative connection among's advantages and outward occupation fulfillment. The quality of this relationship as estimated by R square was most noteworthy and accordingly the connection between's these two factors was high (Stuart, 1998) Conclusion The motivation behind this paper was to look at the connection between representative advantages and employment fulfillment. It was attested that expansion in representative advantages would be decidedly related with inborn, extraneous and generally work fulfillment. Be that as it may, the consequences of this investigation werenââ¬â¢t predictable with this attestation. Generally, the consequences of this investigation show that the worker advantages can be utilized to anticipate representative fulfillment. As per the outcomes worker benefits were emphatically related with inborn and in general occupation fulfillment. Besides, there was negative conn ection among benefits and outward occupation fulfillment. The quality of this relationship as estimated by R square was most elevated and accordingly the connection between's these two factors was high. References Kutner, M. H.. Nachtsheim, C. J and Neter J. (2004), Applied Linear Regression Models, fourth ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston Locke, E. A. (1976). Nature and reasons for work fulfillment. In M.D. Dunnette, (Ed.), Handbook of mechanical as well as Organizational brain science, 1297-1349. Chicago. Schneider, B., Gunnarson, S. K.,& Wheeler, J.K. (1992). The job of chance in the conceptualization
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Essay Writing Tips: Know What Questions to Ask When Writing an Interview Paper
Essay Writing Tips: Know What Questions to Ask When Writing an Interview PaperThere are a number of things to consider when writing an interview paper. Here, you will find information that will help you. The first thing is to think of the topic of the paper, and then write your questions so that they are as clear as possible. Once you have done this, you can start working on your essay.A good interview topic can be a surprisingly hard subject to get into. I would recommend that you use keywords in your essay to help you remember the ideas. They should help you make sure that you don't forget anything.I would also suggest that you look up some examples of essays that have been written in the past. This will give you an idea of how things go. I would also suggest that you study up on some sources for good practices when writing an interview paper.As with all essays, research is an important part of it. You need to take a look at the jobs you are going to talk about and the industries t hat are most relevant to them. In other words, you want to make sure that you are familiar with the topics that are in front of you.You should also try to be familiar with the things that are used in these industries, so that you can talk about them in your essay. You should also know what is common among various industries. For example, if you are talking about the food industry, you might need to know what foods people eat that are healthy foods.I am not saying that you should be knowledgeable about everything, but you should have some knowledge of various skills that are involved in the industry. If you don't know about this, you will come across as a robot. At least, that is a stereotype that come from your contemporaries. Keep in mind that writing is something that takes time, and you should take the time to get a large sample for the topic of your paper. You should keep in mind that there are very few words in a paper that can be taken out. If you know enough about the topic, you should also understand the types of words that you are using.Try to stick to a topic that you know, and try to stick to the right type of word choices and things. As long as you can manage to write in a format that is familiar to you, it should be fine. The next time you are trying to get an interview, write down your questions and make sure that you have them organized in a way that is clear and understandable.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Book analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2
Book examination - Essay Example tuation disentangled in the wake of the Great Depression in the USA (with domino impacts on economies of Europe) and all the past adversaries of republicanism and majority rules system joined positions. This at that point, is the means by which the great Weimar years reached a conclusion. The following political vacuum and the orderly advantage saw the suspicion of Adolf Hitler as the Fuhrer. In any case, unfortunately, Nazi Germany saw the best level of narrow mindedness toward scholarly or political difference. Weimar Germany spoke to the support of innovation for Western Civilization in more than one way. There are numerous high focuses during the early many years of twentieth century Germany. This is particularly obvious concerning craftsmanship and writing, which are related to the introduction of Expressionism, Bauhaus engineering, disclosures in the Physics of Relativity, the naissance of Quantum Physics, Atonality in music (as spearheaded by Arnold Schoenberg), Sigmund Freud and the Psychoanalysis development, Sociology of Knowledge, and so on. Before the ascent of Hitler Germany bragged some the main lights in the fields of science and workmanship, including de Broglie, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Carl Gustav Jung and Alfred Adler. Where these savvy people contrasted from before ages of researchers and thinkers is in making their elusive scholarly interests open to the lay readership. 3. In the midst of across the board oversight and pulverizing of difference during the Hitler years, were there yet outstanding countercurrents? How precisely did specialists and scholarly people adapt to mounting political concealment? Albeit German culture under the Nazis endured radical decrease, one can't yet question the extraordinary benefits of artists, for example, Rilke, George and Benn. Similarly, in the midst of the approaching political murkiness were the brilliant spots offered by the books of Mann, Hermann Hesse and Doblin. In theater as well, Expressionism made its imprint as another class. In like manner, Arnold Schoenberg took advancement in music higher than ever. In the domain of theory we have had the
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Friday, May 15, 2020
The Opportunity For Travel Anytime Of The Year - 1052 Words
The opportunity to travel anytime of the year is one of the best benefits about homeschooling. In addition, homeschoolers can participate on field trip or just bring their books to the beach or park and study as they observe nature. Field trips are an effective educational tool, which could be even more rewarding than a formal educational setting. A text should be used as a reference only when learning your state history. Traveling and stopping at famous landmarks is the most efficient and worthwhile way to learn about your state. Do a search on the internet to find out what your local Historical landmarks are and plan a trip to City Hall and attend a City Council meeting. Here are examples of Floridaââ¬â¢s Historical Landmarks which we visited. à · St. Augustine is a charming city founded in 1585 à · Ocala Historic District which includes 200 most beautiful structures in America, à · Harry S Truman Little White House State Heritage Landmark. Built in 1890 as naval officerââ¬â¢s quarters, the furnishings purchased by the Navy for use by President Truman. William Taft, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton used the site as a retreat. à · Bonnet House Museum Gardens: This is a historic home in Fort Lauderdale, belonging to the U.S. National Register of Historical Places. We participatedShow MoreRelatedThe Diagram Above Shows Recreation, Sports, Tourism, And Parks Essay1532 Words à |à 7 Pagesparticipant or as a spectator. Tourism refers to travel, particularly away from home for a specific period of time. Parks are protected lands that are available for the utilization of the public. Again, the diagram shows how each of these concepts may overlap. Yet, even though these concepts can connect and overlap they can also exist individually. The parks offer a place for leisure, recreation, sport, and tourism to take place. Some travel for the sole purpose of touring our countryââ¬â¢s nationalRead MoreWhat Is Pervasive Computing?1603 Words à |à 7 Pageseither mobile or embedded in almost any type of object imaginable, including cars, tools, appliances, clothing and various consumer goods - all communicating through interconnected networks. Expert predict pervasive computing in year 2010 will become so naturalized within the environment that people will not even realize that they are using computers. EXAMPLE OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING This is an example of pervasive computing in our daily lives which is: The automatic Touch nRead MoreThe Continued Necessity Of Travel Agents During The Internet Era Essay1165 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Analysis of the Continued Necessity of Travel Agents in the Internet Era The primary thesis of Lamââ¬â¢s (2016) article is to define the negative impact of the Internet on employment opportunities for tourist agents in the United States, yet to also define the continued necessity of the tourist agent as an extremely asset to the tourist industry. The article defines the statics for the increasing use of online booking services, instead of services provided by online e booking agents that provideRead MoreThe Invention Of Automobiles : A Turning Point For Life852 Words à |à 4 Pagescreated. With a car almost anything is possible. The invention of automobiles was a turning point for life in America. Cars gave us the possibility of a brighter future by offering us quicker travels, relief of harsh elements, and the expansion of economic potential. Hundreds of years ago man had the same means of travel as an insect or animal. They had the option of walking. This made the simple task of going from one place to another very time consuming. Then we discovered the option of riding and tamingRead MoreAdvances And Development Of Tourism : A Literature Of Review1476 Words à |à 6 Pagesreview will explore the major opportunities for tourism service providers. The literature gathered from a variety of resources in particular areas of Internet and social media, innovation of technology in multimedia and hotel design, and transport technology. Role of Technology in Tourism Nowadays, the use of technology has grown rapidly in the world. Technology has come and has improved the mode of transportation and information in recent decades, whereas the opportunities for tourism were seemed veryRead MoreTechnology Opportunities in The Trucking Industry1283 Words à |à 6 Pagesabout three technology opportunities that will make a positive impact on transportation. These opportunities will lead to more efficient transportation now and in the future. The first technological opportunity discussed is Truck Design; the design of the truck can make a difference in fuel cost. The second technological opportunity discussed is a Speed Governor System; this is a device in trucks that restricts the speed it can travel. The final technological opportunity discussed is the use ofRead MoreEmployee Training At The Classroom Training Essay1667 Words à |à 7 PagesOne strategic investment most companies rely on is employee training. Around ten years ago, there was only one type of training, face-to-face classroom training. Classroom training is the more traditional way of training employees, where its instructor led. Advancements in technology has given a choice of either e-learning or a classroom based system. E-learning is electronic based where the trainee is self-learning by watching videos and taking online exams. A companiesââ¬â¢ main concern is if bothRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Travel Agency Company1174 Words à |à 5 PagesTravel today is a travel agency company that has been serving customers for 25 years. The company is located in Tucson, AZ. It is family operated and own and it has been in my family for the past 25 years. Our company marketing team is working hard to find ways to open our market to different customers in the United States, at this moment the company only offers vacation packages in Arizona. The marketing team came with a segmentation plan, the plan will be divided in two steps. First step willRead MoreBuilding An Nfl Ready Stadium1043 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe idea that David Beckham brought up about bringing Mantris United here for a potential week with their, you know, plane loads of international fans. Are goal is to do what we can to help stabilize and continue to improve the Las Vegas economy. Anytime that you can bring visitors here, especially and including international visitors, it has a huge impact and, uh, it would definitely have a big economic impact and community pride impact on the community, if in fact you can make the numbers work toRead MoreTelemedicine : Is It Really Altering The Way Us Americans Coexist With The Healthcare System?942 Words à |à 4 PagesIn todayââ¬â¢s time, the Internet is really altering the way us Americans intermingle with the healthcare system. The Internet is making consumers more desirable to use it, in hopes for more opportunities. With the help from the Internet, telemedicine is becoming one of the best cult ivating advanced technology in healthcare right now. Telemedicine can be defined as the use of medical information that is exchanged from one site to another (americantelemed, 2012). This process utilizes technology and digital
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession
The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/340 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Advancements in technology have allowed companies, small and large, to keep accurate financial records and eliminate paper entries. Technology has also allowed individuals in the accounting field the ability to interpret the financial information efficiently and effectively. With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond a specific geographic area, and seek new opportunities for expansion around the globe. The introductions of new software programs, which can be designed to meet the specific needs of an industry, assist with the internal operations andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Through the intranet, which is the internal software, CEOââ¬â¢s have access to the companyââ¬â¢s financial health, sales-personnel can access client and vendor information, and managers can determine operating costs within their departments. This new technology also allows an accountant to forecast future financial information, create valuable gra phs or charts, and analyze problems or opportunities for the organization. New Technology and the Effect on Accounting Processes New advancements in technology are constantly being introduced for business and personal use. This can increase productivity within the business, but also create challenges for the accountant. One program that larger companies have incorporated into their operation is the Enterprise resource planning system. This software program integrates information from different departments within the organization. All information is shared through a common central database and is used by finance, human resource, sales, marketing, and production. This provides each department with information to assist them in decisions crucial to their role with the company. Cloud computing is a service which is offered over the internet and allows a company to permanently store data over a remote server. This service is usually billed at a monthly charge and saves the company space on their hard drive. There are data mining tools and web based alert tools that can be used to alertShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Technology in the Accounting Profession1069 Words à |à 5 PagesThe effects of technology on the accounting profession are clear and undeniable. The advancements in technology have increased both the accuracy and efficiency of the accounting profession. Thus, the advancements also bring an increase to the education in the accounting profession. In order to stay competitive with today fast pace society accountants must become more and more technologically incline. The accounting profession has experienced remarkable growth and success in both the 20th and theRead MoreThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession600 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession In todayââ¬â¢s business society, the accounting technology whether it be software or hardware is a vital part of just about every major business. Many people overlook the importance of the role of accounting technology in business and in the accounting profession. The fact is technology such as accounting information systems can make or break a business. Utilization of Information Technology in the Retail Businesses (Wal-Mart) To succeed in theRead MoreEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1085 Words à |à 5 PagesEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession University of Phoenix ACC/340 Accounting Information Systems Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Businesses have become more competitive, consumers are more informed, and technology has changed the way the world communicates. Information technology (IT) and the resulting ââ¬Ëinformation ageââ¬â¢ are continuously impacting every facet of accounting. (Bagranoff, Simkin, amp; Strand-Norman, 2006) This paper will examine how accountingRead MoreEffects of Technology on Accounting Essay713 Words à |à 3 PagesEffects Of technology On the Accounting Profession The accounting profession has experienced many different changes and as well as a tremendous amount of growth over the past century. (Schaefer, 1998) Its unfortunate that due to unethical accounting practices there has been an increased need for advanced technology of accounting systems in order to better monitor what is going on with organizations. The need for real time reports and financial information at the click of a button seemsRead MoreThe Role Of Accounting And Possible Future Of Accountancy Profession992 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, accounting has a role to play in preparing financial reports, and tax preparation manually (Zodage, 2015). According to World Reportââ¬â¢s Best Jobs (2014, cited in Hood (2014)), the accountancy was recognised as the third rank of the best professionals, and it is one in all careers having high demand (Hood, 2014). Nevertheless, the business practices and the environment have continuously changed and reshaped aspects of the accountancy profession (Wolters Kluwer, 2014). SomeRead MoreWhy Accountants Are Important For The Future Of Accountants And How Will Accountants Adapt Themselves With Changing Needs?963 Words à |à 4 Pagesimplementing accounting systems and rules required by any particular business and area. Increased business profitability is another factor for which accountants are important drivers as they provide cost effective measures and unique operating techniques. Accounting is an old profession which has evolved significantly over time from manual bookkeeping to complex accounting software (Caulfield, 2016). Accounting is mostly confused with just data entry and reporting for which accounting software areRead MoreImpact of Ict on Accounting Practice in Nigeria1663 Words à |à 7 PagesThe impact of ICT on accounting practice in Nigeria CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1à à à Background of the study à à à à à à à à à à à In the recent past centuries, before the inception of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the accountants of an organization were using a socially acceptable behavioural method of reporting accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheetRead MoreEvolution Of Accounting : Past And Present Building The Future1299 Words à |à 6 PagesEvolution of Accounting: Past and Present Building the Future Application and improvement of some modern accounting and financial techniques are fundamentally changing the companyââ¬â¢s ability to make a profit. (Warren Buffett). In 1994, I was introduced to the world of business math which is just a simplified basic accounting. Though it was just a school year of taking the class it left a lasting imprint in my life. It was there when I realized how much I loved business math along with journal entriesRead MoreWhat Is Data Analytics The Future Of Audit Engagements1629 Words à |à 7 Pagesto the financial statements on which they are reporting. Therefore, high-quality audits support financial stability, which in turn builds public trust and confidence in financial statements and corporate financial reporting. The evolving world of technology has brought shifts in how the audit is executed. Prior to the current risk-based approach, companies operated in a far less complex environment. Therefore, the audit of the past was carried out in a la rgely manual way with a relatively high proportionRead MoreWhat Makes Someone A Good Writer?915 Words à |à 4 Pagesabout Accounting, which is my major, and its connection to language. Being that Accounting is my major, I didn t need much help writing my paper but I still used evidence from articles to prove my points. Not only did my first paper show my use of epistemology, but it also prepared me for my career, by enhancing my knowledge of accounting. I, luckily, had another chance to learn more about my major because of this class. I chose to do my eight page research paper on the effects technology has on The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession In todayââ¬â¢s business society, the accounting technology whether it be software or hardware is a vital part of just about every major business. Many people overlook the importance of the role of accounting technology in business and in the accounting profession. The fact is technology such as accounting information systems can make or break a business. Utilization of Information Technology in the Retail Businesses (Wal-Mart) To succeed in the rapidly evolving business environment we face today, businesses rely heavily on accounting technology to track information about their customers and inventory (Lazerus, 2010). Wal-Mart and other businesses around the world have also come to relyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With the development accounting information systems managers have inherited the task of learning and training their employees what they learn. For example, in a retail store accounting systems are used to order, locate and organize inventory so supervisors are tasked with learning and training employees to perform these tasks. Because employees and managers can now perform such tasks easily it has limited the jobs that accounting professionals had cornered as theirs in the past. Because of accounting systems managers have also inherited the task of learning how to perform minor troubleshooting of their systems and to train others to perform the task. Accounting systems demand more with rega rd to computer literacy but provides significant advantages such as helping organizations to handle more tasks in a timely and efficient manner. Accounting software is an important part of information technology, which relates to computer applications that enable a company to generate, store, program, and retrieve data as and when needed (Rampur, 2011). An example is an employee using an accounting information system to analyze inventory with a couple of clicks of the computer. Accounting technology definitely has made the accounting field more competitive. This is because with the use of such technology individuals outside of the profession can perform manyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Technology in the Accounting Profession1069 Words à |à 5 PagesThe effects of technology on the accounting profession are clear and undeniable. The advancements in technology have increased both the accuracy and efficiency of the accounting profession. Thus, the advancements also bring an inc rease to the education in the accounting profession. In order to stay competitive with today fast pace society accountants must become more and more technologically incline. The accounting profession has experienced remarkable growth and success in both the 20th and theRead MoreThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1065 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/340 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Advancements in technology have allowed companies, small and large, to keep accurate financial records and eliminate paper entries. Technology has also allowed individuals in the accounting field the ability to interpret the financial information efficiently and effectively. With the introduction of the internet, a company now has the option to expand their business beyond aRead MoreEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession1085 Words à |à 5 PagesEffects of Technology on the Accounting Profession University of Phoenix ACC/340 Accounting Information Systems Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Businesses have become more competitive, consumers are more informed, and technology has changed the way the world communicates. Information technology (IT) and the resulting ââ¬Ëinformation ageââ¬â¢ are continuously impacting every facet of accounting. (Bagranoff, Simkin, amp; Strand-Norman, 2006) This paper will examine how accountingRead MoreEffects of Technology on Accounting Essay713 Words à |à 3 PagesEffects Of technology On the Accounting Profession The accounting profession has experienced many different changes and as well as a tremendous amount of growth over the past century. (Schaefer, 1998) Its unfortunate that due to unethical accounting practices there has been an increased need for advanced technology of accounting systems in order to better monitor what is going on with organizations. The need for real time reports and financial information at the click of a button seemsRead MoreThe Role Of Accounting And Possible Future Of Accountancy Profession992 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, accounting has a role to play in preparing financial reports, and tax preparation manually (Zodage, 2015). According to World Reportââ¬â¢s Best Jobs (2014, cited in Hood (2014)), the accountancy was recognised as the third rank of the best professionals, and it is one in all careers having high demand (Hood, 2014). Nevertheless, the business practices and the environment have continuously changed and reshaped aspects of the accountancy profession (Wolters Kluwer, 2014). SomeRead MoreWhy Accountants Are Important For The Future Of Accountants And How Will Accountants Adapt Themselves With Changing Needs?963 Words à |à 4 Pagesimplementing accounting systems and rules required by any particular business and area. Increased business profitability is another factor for which accountants are important drivers as they provide cost effective measures and unique operating techniques. Accounting is an old profession which has evolved significantly over time from manual bookkeeping to complex accounting software (Caulfield, 2016). Accounting is mostly confused with just data entry and reporting for which accounting software areRead MoreImpact of Ict on Accounting Practice in Nigeria1663 Words à |à 7 PagesThe impact of ICT on accounting practice in Nigeria CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1à à à Background of the study à à à à à à à à à à à In the recent past centuries, before the inception of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the accountants of an organization were using a socially acceptable behavioural method of reporting accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheetRead MoreEvolution Of Accounting : Past And Present Building The Future1299 Words à |à 6 PagesEvolution of Accounting: Past and Present Building the Future Application and improvement of some modern accounting and financial techniques are fundamentally changing the companyââ¬â¢s ability to make a profit. (Warren Buffett). In 1994, I was introduced to the world of business math which is just a simplified basic accounting. Though it was just a school year of taking the class it left a lasting imprint in my life. It was there when I realized how much I loved business math along with journal entriesRead MoreWhat Is Data Analytics The Future Of Audit Engagements1629 Words à |à 7 Pagesto the financial statements on which they are reporting. Therefore, high-quality audits support financial stability, which in turn builds public trust and confidence in financial statements and corporate financial reporting. The evolving world of technology has brought shifts in how the audit is executed. Prior to the current risk-based approach, companies operated in a far less complex environment. Therefore, the audit of the past was carried out in a la rgely manual way with a relatively high proportionRead MoreWhat Makes Someone A Good Writer?915 Words à |à 4 Pagesabout Accounting, which is my major, and its connection to language. Being that Accounting is my major, I didn t need much help writing my paper but I still used evidence from articles to prove my points. Not only did my first paper show my use of epistemology, but it also prepared me for my career, by enhancing my knowledge of accounting. I, luckily, had another chance to learn more about my major because of this class. I chose to do my eight page research paper on the effects technology has on
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Utilitarianism Or Deontology for Research And Review
Question: Write essay on "Whats the best for business: utilitarianism or deontology?"The essay require: 1. Research and review of the contemporary literature in the topic area. 2. A range go citations and reference that should demonstrate breadth depth of research. 3. Industry or organization example to be incorporated into the essay as illustrated evidence. 4. A original argument to be built through the use of critical thinking. 5. Critical evaluation in the essay calculation. 6. Appropriate and accurate use of the Harvard reference system. Answer: The main aim of this report is to discuss, between utilitarianism and deontology, what is best for a business. These are two of the major ethical philosophies that are applied to businesses worldwide (Shaw, 2013). The discussion is done by investigating and analyzing the different ideas put forward in the area through existing literature and an argument is based upon the conclusions drawn from these literatures. This is done by first analysing each of the theories separately and their applications in real time businesses and the advantages and disadvantages of applying them to a business. Based on the conclusions, an attempt is made to arrive at an answer as to which of the two ethical philosophies is best for business. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Utilitarianism states that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences. For example, in utilitarianism it is acceptable if others are harmed but the consequence of the action is the well-being of a greater number of people. Deontology (Kant, 1788), on the other hand implies that the morality of any action basically depends upon intrinsic nature of the action (Conway Gawronski, 2013). That is, regardless of whatever the consequence of the action may be, harming others is not acceptable. In Utilitarianism, the act does not matter. Preference is only given to the outcome. There are two versions of utilitarianism; act utilitarianism (Brandt, 1972) and rule utilitarianism. The former version concerns with the notion that, a particular action is recommended and acceptable if it consequently increases happiness. And this is the default version of the theory. The action here is most important and the action is analysed on the lines of good consequences it produces. For example, if we consider a pharmaceutical company, the release of an officially approved medicine with a few side effects can be justified based on act utilitarianism (Brusseau, 2014). In this case the pharmaceutical company is operating on the principle that though the medicine causes side effects in a few patients, it helps increased number of patients in recovering from a particular disease. Therefore, the overall good is sufficiently greater than the bad. The Rule utilitarianism concerns with the notion that any action if it is based on a rule that, it increases the general happiness when applied uniformly to everyone is morally right. This rules aims at maximizing the overall utility. The focus here is on the rule for acting and not on the action itself. For example, in case of airline industry, it has tiered pricing for the same service to different customers. The pricing is different for economy, business and first class airline customers. Now, all the customers travel to the same destination for the same amount of time but the business class and first class customers pay much more than the economy customers and they also get more amenities for their price. The price difference can be justified on the basis of rule utilitarianism on the argument that it helps the airline industries in easing of the finance to accommodate the economy class. The 1972 Ford Pinto case is a classic example of utilitarianism in business (Velasquez, 2001). Because of the increasing gas prices, the then president of Ford, Lee Iaccoca modelled the Ford Pinto and wanted to rush it into production to compete with the Japanese manufacturers in producing fuel efficient smaller cars. This car was slated to cost two thousand US Dollars and was rushed into early testing and production. During the testing, it was noted that the positioning of the gas tank in the rump of the car left it vulnerable to collisions in rear-end of the car. Especially collisions at a speed greater than twenty miles per hour might cause the tank to break and result in serious burning repercussions. When it was debated whether or not to go ahead with the production of the vehicle, on utilitarian terms it was decided to send the pinto out. According to estimates from Ford, over the next ten years nearly sixty people died in fiery accidents and around one hundred and twenty people got seriously injured after which the pinto was phased out. The cost came lesser than it would have taken for Ford to remodel the gas tank and increase the price of the vehicle. On the basis of utilitarian argument Fords decision was justified since the overall good was higher. The car was beneficial to a broader number of people. The theory is based on the focus on ultimate happiness even if an action or decision caused pain to certain people. How right the decision was isnt taken into account. The decision sure did increase the profits for Ford but it cost human lives. Can human lives be quoted a price? There lies the danger in applying utilitarianism to businesses. There are other utilitarian versions. Monetized utilitarianism denotes the measuring of overall happiness on the basis of monetary benefits. A classic example of this would be the above mentioned Ford Pinto case. The decision here is purely objective and is advantageous when applied to complex situations involving lot of people. The Hedonistic Utilitarianism or traditional utilitarianism was proposed by Jeremy Bentham. According to him [Bentham] pleasure and happiness are synonymous. This approach seeks to increase pleasure while idealistic utilitarianism as described John Stuart Mill agreed with Benthams theory and also distinguished low and high brow sensations. In deontology, the decision or action is basically focussed on whether the action is right or wrong. For example, if we consider the same Ford Pinto case, a business operating on the deontological principle would definitely have decided to stop with the production or remodel the gas tank. This approach is based on a set of moral values and individual rights. A deontologist would not send the car into production unless he/she is absolutely sure that no harm would come from the design defects of the car to anybody who purchases it and even if only a small number of people are being harmed, it is still unacceptable. For example, consider a citizen following the law. He/she is a deontologist considering the he/she follows the law because he/she is supposed to do it and that it is his/her duty. The consequences dont matter. And an employee who follows rules in firm also follows deontology because he follows rules because he agreed to follow them. Just because he agreed, it is his duty to follow it and this action is of the highest virtue. Consider a customer service manager. If he is a follower of deontology and has strong duty based ethics, he will adhere firmly to the company policies and not make any provisions for the customer, because as far as he is considered, adhering to company policies is a part of her job and deviating would mean deviating from morals. This may be a disadvantage as it may sometimes result in dissatisfaction of customers. A utilitarian in this case would allow exceptions for customers because he is more concerned about the consequence, which is keeping his customers happ y. Thus deontological theories insist that even if morally favourable ends are obtained, some actions are never right. The act is here is independent of the outcome. Immanuel Kant developed the most known theory of deontology according to which emotions, inclinations and consequences has no role when it comes to performing moral duties. One of the biggest drawbacks of the deontological theory is that it doesnt consider the outcome at all. And it is not advisable to discount outcome of an action altogether. For example, deontology forbids lying universally. But lying for a good cause is permissible especially when saying the truth can be destructive. For instance, let us consider Sheryl Weinstein in the Bernie Madoff Case (Velasquez, 2001). Bernie Madoffs Ponzi scheme was a disaster. His original idea was to manoeuvre complicated financial businesses and he sought money from investors with this in mind. After a few early losses when his business wasnt growing, he started borrowing money from new investors and channelling them to the old investors claiming that it was through the success of his manoeuvre. In this case he temporarily lied for the overall good of everybody. His intention was to succeed and get all the money back but it didnt happen and he had to eventually go to jail. In a utilitarian point of view this was justified. But if he had followed deontology and said only the truth, it could have saved him from going to jail even though he would have been left with nothing. This is where categorical imperative comes into the picture and acts on the rule that the actions of a person should be in such a way that it can be universalized. Considering the universal rule that lying is not acceptable, Sheryl Weinstein should not lie about her twenty year affair with Madoff. But the best action in this case would be to either lie or hide the truth either of which is not acceptable according to deontology. The truth in this case causes only defamation. The problem with this theory basically is that it sounds good in theory but it is really difficult when it comes to applying it for practical purposes. For instance, in case of Eddy Lepp, medical marijuana grower in Northern California, he had license from the California regulators but the Federal agencies forbid the growth of the drug. This drug has soothing effects for nausea and remedied vomiting in case of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (Brusseau, 2014). On the negative side, his action was breaking the law but the positive outcome was a large number of patients benefitted from the drug. If according to deontology the means justify the ends, the moral thing to do is to accept the truth and not lie. If ends should justify the means, then the morals change. In the debate between utilitarian versus deontological moral actions and judgements, sometimes, actions leading to maximum utility are morally impermissible (like the Ford Pinto case). Sometimes, adhering to moral values to do the right thing instead of making a mistake is morally required while sometimes it is necessary to consider the result of a morally right action. Therefore, there is no one business ethics. But when applying these ethics to business it is to be noted that it is important to perform only those actions that will result positively for the business. Doing something because it is morally right even though you know that it will reflect badly on the business is stupidity. In concluding, both deontology and utilitarianism have crucial implications when it comes to business. Both the theories can be applied in businesses. The cost-benefit analysis of utilitarianism is the most favourable way to evaluate whether a business decision is moral and is very important. Similarly, according to the categorical imperative in deontological theories rules out certain universalized practices such as theft, fraud, corruption etc. in business and form the basic elements of business ethics. But considering the practical feasibility of both the theories, deontology is very difficult when it comes to practising and requires value ethics to make it feasible (Van Staveren, 2007). Further, the main objective of any business is to gain profits and since the fundamental crux of utilitarianism is to maximize utility and focus on the overall good consequences, it may be said that utilitarianism is better for business comparatively. References 1. Conway, P. and Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: A process dissociation approach.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), pp.216-235. 2. Smart, J. and Williams, B. (1973).Utilitarianism. Cambridge [England]: University Press. 3. Brusseau, J. (2014). The Business Ethics Workshop, v.1.0. Flat World Education, Inc. 4. Velasquez, M., Andre, C., Shanks, T., and Meyer, M.J. (1989). Calculating Consequences: The Utilitarian Approach to Ethics. Issues in Ethics, 2(1). 5. Velasquez, M. G. (2001). Business Ethics Concepts and Cases. Business Ethics, Anderson University DBA. 6. Van Staveren, I. (2007). Beyond Utilitarianism and Deontology: Ethics in Economics.Review of Political Economy, 19(1), pp.21-35. 7. Fahey, T. (2012). Utilitarianism versus Deontology. 8.Baugher, D., and Weisbord, E. (n.d.) Egoism, Justice, Rights, and Utilitarianism: Students View of Classical Ethical Positions in Business. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics. 9.Kissiah, C.J. (2014). The Deontological and Utilitarian Cases for Rectifying Structural Injustice in Sweatshop Labour Ethics: A critical Assessment. CMC Senior Theses. Paper 923. 10.Donaldson, T. (2003). Editors Comments: Taking ethics seriously A mission now more possible. Academy of Management Review, 28, pp. 363-366. 11. Gatewood, R. D., Carroll, A. B. (1991). Assessment of ethical performance of organizational members: A conceptual framework. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 667-690. 12. Shaw, W.H., Barry, V., Issa, T., and Catle, B. (2013). Moral Issues in Business: 2nd Asia Pacific Edition.
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